{"id":239459,"date":"2022-03-06T18:13:24","date_gmt":"2022-03-06T18:13:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dejouerfatalite.dev.uqam.ca\/conclusion\/archives-conclusion\/"},"modified":"2022-10-17T17:05:26","modified_gmt":"2022-10-17T17:05:26","slug":"archives-conclusion","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dejouerfatalite.uqam.ca\/en\/conclusion\/archives-conclusion\/","title":{"rendered":"Archives Conclusion"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.17.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”RGBA(0,0,0,0)” background_color_gradient_direction=”176deg” background_image=”https:\/\/dejouerfatalite.uqam.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/conclusion-1.jpg” background_position=”top_center” background_vertical_offset=”51%” min_height_tablet=”250px” min_height_phone=”250px” min_height_last_edited=”on|tablet” height=”375px” height_tablet=”350px” height_phone=”300px” height_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_margin=”||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” bottom_divider_style=”slant” bottom_divider_color=”#FFFFFF” bottom_divider_height=”130px” bottom_divider_flip=”horizontal” background_last_edited=”on|tablet” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”60px|auto||auto|false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”30px||||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”30px||||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”edosz||||||||” header_text_color=”#ee7323″ header_font_size=”80px” custom_margin=”|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|||0px|false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” animation_direction=”right” header_font_size_tablet=”60px” header_font_size_phone=”50px” header_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_css_main_element=”font-family: edosz;” header_text_shadow_style=”preset5″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”0.04em” header_text_shadow_vertical_length=”0.04em” header_text_shadow_color=”#ffffff” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Archives<\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.17.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#FFFFFF” background_color_gradient_direction=”184deg” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”25px||0px||false|false” top_divider_style=”slant” top_divider_color=”#FFFFFF” top_divider_flip=”horizontal” bottom_divider_height=”130px” bottom_divider_flip=”horizontal” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”650px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” custom_css_main_element=”align-self: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_id=”Troubled-Legacy” _builder_version=”4.17.4″ _module_preset=”default” header_2_font=”Oswald|300|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#323235″ custom_padding=”||15px||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

A Troubled Legacy<\/h2>\n

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Growing Up in an Orphanage<\/h4>\n

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Yves Lafleur was born in the early 1940s in Saint-Sauveur-des-Monts, north of Montreal. He had an older brother, and they both grew up partly in the care of child welfare organizations and partly with members of their extended family. When their father was committed to the Saint-Jean-de-Dieu Asylum, their mother was thrown into poverty. As a result, her two boys were placed with Quebec charitable institutions. Yves lived at the Saint-J\u00e9r\u00f4me Hospice in the Laurentian Mountains, as well as at the Saint-Ars\u00e8ne orphanage in Montreal. He also spent a few summers at the Saint-Ars\u00e8ne vacation camp in Contrecoeur.<\/p>\n

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Growing Up in an Orphanage During the 1940s and 1950s Yves Lafleur\u2019s recollections<\/em>during an interview with Cory Verbauwhede, with the collaboration of Lucie Dagenais; excerpts selected by Caroline Robert and Cory Verbauwhede; text by Caroline Robert, 2021, Centre d\u2019histoire des r\u00e9gulations sociales. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Link to the interview<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Women Behind Bars (1983)<\/h4>\n

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\u201cLes femmes en prison,\u201d special feature, La vie en rose<\/em>, no. 10, mars 1983, Service des archives et de la gestion des documents, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, La vie en rose<\/em> magazine fonds. <\/p>\n

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Read the report (pdf)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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L\u2019histoire de Danielle D.<\/strong><\/p>\n

De 13 \u00e0 18 ans, j\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00ab en dedans \u00bb. Comment vous expliquer ? Je suis n\u00e9e \u00ab ill\u00e9gale \u00bb. Ma m\u00e8re est originaire de la C\u00f4te-Nord et elle s\u2019est toujours d\u00e9brouill\u00e9e seule avec nous autres. Quand j\u2019ai eu cinq ans, elle est all\u00e9e vivre avec mon p\u00e8re pour nous donner, \u00e0 ma s\u0153ur et moi, une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 qu\u2019en fait on n\u2019a jamais eu. [\u2026] Un jour \u2013 j\u2019avais \u00e0 peine 13 ans \u2013 j\u2019ai d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de l\u00e2cher l\u2019\u00e9cole. J\u2019m\u2019ennuyais pour mourir. Ma chum et moi, on est parties en Ontario pour faire le tabac. [\u2026] Mais apr\u00e8s deux semaines, on nous a soup\u00e7onn\u00e9es d\u2019un vol qui s\u2019\u00e9tait produit dans un motel. On nous a descendues \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al dans un centre de d\u00e9pannage de jeunes. L\u00e0-dedans, t\u2019as toutes sortes de monde, pas juste des d\u00e9linquantes, beaucoup de cas de protection surtout. Si j\u2019avais pu rester l\u00e0, les choses auraient peut-\u00eatre \u00e9t\u00e9 diff\u00e9rentes pour moi. On \u00e9tait pas si mal, on nous laissait assez libres de nos mouvements. Toujours est-il que le soir de l\u2019Halloween, on est all\u00e9es dans un party. Le lendemain, j\u2019me suis retrouv\u00e9e devant deux d\u00e9tectives parce qu\u2019une fille avait racont\u00e9 que moi et une autre avions couch\u00e9 avec des gars. C\u2019\u00e9tait pas vrai mais on nous a accus\u00e9es de \u00ab conduite immorale \u00bb. j\u2019savais m\u00eame pas ce que \u00e7a voulait dire ! C\u2019est l\u00e0 que le trouble a commenc\u00e9 pour vrai. On m\u2019a amen\u00e9e au Centre d\u2019accueil f\u00e9minin tenu par les S\u0153urs du Bon Pasteur, rue H\u00f4tel-de-Ville \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al. \u00c7a c\u2019est la vraie prison ! Tanguay \u00e0 l\u2019air d\u2019un h\u00f4tel \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de ces endroits-l\u00e0.<\/em><\/p>\n

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The Insane Cry Out for Help<\/h2>\n

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Jean-Charles Pag\u00e9\u2019s Account of His Experiences at the Saint-Jean-de-Dieu Asylum<\/h4>\n

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Jean-Charles Pag\u00e9, Les fous crient au secours! ! T\u00e9moignage d\u2019un ex-patient de St-Jean-de-Dieu (Montreal: \u00c9ditions le Jour, 1961).<\/p>\n

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Jean-Charles Pag\u00e9\u2019s book had a huge impact when it was published in 1961. It shares his thoughts on some of the situations he experienced or witnessed. This first excerpt describes how he felt following a visit from his wife.<\/p>\n

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Tout comme ma femme, je me demande si cet h\u00f4pital garde des fous ou soigne des malades mentaux \u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00c0 distance, je la vois pr\u00e9senter la carte d\u2019identit\u00e9. Elle franchi la grille, cette fronti\u00e8re entre le monde libre et celui des fous. Et je ne peux m\u2019emp\u00eacher de constater la cruaut\u00e9 de cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 moderne, qui se dit civilis\u00e9e, quand je sais comment sont trait\u00e9es 6 000 personnes vivant sous un r\u00e9gime de dictature, quand je constate que, sous le paravent de la charit\u00e9 chr\u00e9tienne, on traite comme des prisonniers des \u00eatres humains qui n\u2019ont pour toute culpabilit\u00e9 que d\u2019\u00eatre de ce c\u00f4t\u00e9-ci de la barri\u00e8re, malades et m\u00e9connus\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

Pourquoi sommes-nous consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme les d\u00e9chets de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ? Pourquoi sommes-nous les afflig\u00e9s que l\u2019on accable ?<\/em><\/p>\n

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This second excerpt recalls a discussion regarding patients\u2019 clothing between a patient named Tom and a staff member.<\/p>\n

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(Tom) C\u2019est \u00e7a. Envoyez notre linge personnel chez nous pour nous imposer ensuite les vieilleries de tout le monde.<\/em><\/p>\n

(Membre du personnel) T\u2019es pas le premier ministre, non !<\/em><\/p>\n

(T) Je ne suis pas le premier ministre. Je suis tout de m\u00eame assez fin pour me rendre compte que ce costume ne me convient pas. Qu\u2019aurais-je l\u2019air, l\u00e0-dedans ?<\/em><\/p>\n

(M.P.) Fais pas le frais !<\/em><\/p>\n

(T) Je ne fais pas le frais. C\u2019est d\u00e9j\u00e0 assez malheureux que les pauvres indigents soient oblig\u00e9s de circuler dans ces nippes du temps de mon grand-p\u00e8re. Moi j\u2019ai du linge personnel et je tiens \u00e0 m\u2019en rev\u00eatir.<\/em><\/p>\n

(M.P.) Puisque je te dis qu\u2019il est chez vous, il n\u2019est plus ici. Prends celui-l\u00e0 et va-t\u2019en.<\/em><\/p>\n

(T) Non je ne m\u2019en irai pas. Vous prenez plaisir \u00e0 nous habiller en fous pour rire de nous. C\u2019est tellement plus facile, pour vous, de vous d\u00e9barrasser de notre linge que d\u2019\u00eatre oblig\u00e9e de l\u2019entretenir. Vous nous habillez en fous, vous nous commandez comme des fous et les ordres se multiplient : balaie, lave les planchers, lave les vitres ! Si nous avons le malheur de dire non, vous avez une menace toute pr\u00eate : \u00ab Je vais te faire mettre en blanc \u00bb (faisant r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la jaquette blanche d\u2019h\u00f4pital)<\/em><\/p>\n

(M.P.) Tu n\u2019es pas pire que les autres. Tout le monde travaille ici.<\/em><\/p>\n

(T) Oui, tout le monde, \u00e0 part ceux qui sont pay\u00e9s pour le faire. \u00c7a vous emb\u00eate qu\u2019on s\u2019en rende compte\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

(M.P.) Fais bien attention \u00e0 ce que tu vas dire, Tom. Tu peux go\u00fbter \u00e0 la cellule.<\/em><\/p>\n

(T) Je le sais. La cellule, la camisole, en blanc, les salles-en-arri\u00e8re, c\u2019est tout ce que vous savez dire. Vous avez le haut du pav\u00e9, et vous utilisez la menace. Toujours la menace. \u00c0 ce r\u00e9gime, fou ou pas fou, on finit par le devenir !<\/em><\/p>\n

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The Madhouse<\/h4>\n

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Jean-Charles Pag\u00e9<\/span>, \u201cLa prison des fous,\u201d<\/span> Le Magazine Maclean,<\/em>vol. 1, no. 7 (September 1961), pp. 12-15. 12-15<\/span><\/p>\n

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Read the account (pdf)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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The Duplessis Orphans<\/h2>\n

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Jean-Guy Labrosse Describes His \u201cBitch of a Life\u201d<\/h4>\n

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Three years after Les fous crient au secours!<\/em> hit bookstores, \u00c9ditions le Jour published Ma chienne de vie, autobiographie d\u2019un orphelin<\/em>, by Jean-Guy Labrosse. The author was an \u201cillegitimate\u201d child who spent more than 23 years of his life in an institution. The first public statement by a Duplessis orphan, Labrosse\u2019s account had an impact similar to that of Jean-Charles Pag\u00e9\u2019s book.<\/p>\n

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Jean-Guy Labrosse, Ma chienne de vie, Autobiographie d’un orphelin, \u00c9ditions le Jour, 1964.<\/p>\n

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In his own words, Jean-Guy Labrosse described his lifelong journey through Quebec\u2019s network of social institutions. In the preface, the publishers explained how they were careful to retain the author\u2019s \u201crapid-fire slang\u201d (joual sonique) as a \u201creflection of the education provided to a ward of the state.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Je sui n\u00e9 \u00e0 la cr\u00e8che Dyouville et jai pass\u00e9 ma vie renferm\u00e9 jusque \u00e0 l’\u00e2ge de 23 ans et 9 mois et 19 jour. De la cr\u00e8che que j’ai \u00e9t\u00e9 j’ai eux plusieur tipe enbandonn\u00e9 comme mois et qui pouvais pas faire grand chose tans que personne viendra \u00e0 leur leur secour.<\/em><\/p>\n

A l’age de huit ans jai commenc\u00e9 ma promi\u00e8re ann\u00e9e. Durant que nous prenions la r\u00e9cr\u00e9ation je jouais dans le sable et avec des bebelle et aussi je fesais de la trop\u00e8ze et de l’am\u00e9r\u00e9gourant et l’hivert nous passion l’hiver en dedans car les Soeur avais peur que nous tombions malade.<\/em><\/p>\n

L’\u00e9t\u00e9 suivant qui est venu les Soeur son venue \u00e0 moi pour me dire que j’\u00e9tais trop vieux pour rest\u00e9. Il fallait que je me pr\u00e9pare pour transferr\u00e9 \u00e0 c\u00f4te de Liesse. Javais 9 ans quand jai partie dela. Je veux parler L\u00e9cole Notre Dame de Liesse s’\u00e9tais en 1948 dans le mois d’a\u00f4ut.<\/em><\/p>\n

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In this second excerpt, Jean-Guy Labrosse describes his transfer to the Mont-Providence Institution in Rivi\u00e8res-des-Prairies. At the time, it specialized in housing \u201cmildly deficient\u201d children.<\/p>\n

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Quand la journ\u00e9e est venu pour mon d\u00e9pard jai demand\u00e9 \u00e0 mon offici\u00e8re pour qu\u2019elle raison je partais de la pour allez ailleurs elle ma dit quand tu es rendu \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge que tu est suppos\u00e9 de qu\u2019itt\u00e9 sette maison-la on vous anvoye dans d\u2019autre batisse qu\u2019il vous prand encard pour une couple d\u2019ann\u00e9e [\u2026] nous sommes ariv\u00e9 pour irest\u00e9 de nouveaux nous avon pass\u00e9 par la procure et il nous in indiqu\u00e9 notre nouveau d\u00e9partement randu-la le non de notre nouveau d\u00e9partement \u00e9tais la salle St-George. La nouvelle s\u0153ur qu\u2019il \u00e9tais ofici\u00e8re de la \u00e9tais S\u0153ur Gaston. La S\u0153ur nous avois donnez l\u2019ordre de sortie dans la cour avec les gardien nous avon partie avec le gardien et nous avon \u00e9t\u00e9 dans la cour et jai dit au gardien que \u00e7afait la promi\u00e8re fois que je sort\u00e8 en quatres murs quand je me suie dit en moi m\u00eame que jai jamais rest\u00e9 enferm\u00e9 avec des mur comme cela. Jai demand\u00e9 aux gardien pourquois il nous on fais un cour de quatres mur la ses pour ceux qu\u2019il c\u00e9vadais dela<\/em><\/p>\n

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While institutionalized, Jean-Guy Labrosse suffered numerous instances of both physical and sexual abuse. In this final excerpt, he describes the electroshock treatments that the institution\u2019s doctors required him to endure.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”650px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||10px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” custom_css_main_element=”align-self: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_toggle title=”Excerpt (in French) ” open_toggle_text_color=”#323235″ icon_color=”#494949″ open_icon_color=”#494949″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Roboto Condensed|700|||||||” title_font_size=”16px” body_font=”Roboto Condensed||||||||” body_text_color=”#494949″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Sur tous les qu\u2019estion qu\u2019il [les docteurs] mavais pos\u00e9 javais pas r\u00e9pondu. Je lavais dit \u00e0 un demais amie que m\u00eame je passerai \u00e0 lasambl\u00e9 des m\u00e9desin que josseraipas de mouvrir la bouche. Ses la mon nouveau amie mavais avertie que \u00e7i tu r\u00e9ponpas aux qu\u2019estion il vont vous passez aux chocs. Pour moi je le crayais pas pour commanc\u00e9 mes il a eu raison card le Docteur Larue me confiscais sur mon dossier l\u2019\u00e9lectro-chocque. [\u2026] une fois les placque \u00e9tais pos\u00e9 je navais urlez uncoue card javais sentie le choque et ses pareille comsit on ce fesais \u00e9lectrocut\u00e9 par des fils \u00e0 haute tension card \u00e7a sonnais et tu \u00e9tais pas trois seconde r\u00e9veillier que tu \u00e9tais d\u00e9j\u00e0 enconsiant. Et ses la une fois r\u00e9veiller jai \u00e9t\u00e9 vert le m\u00e9desin et jeluie avais dit que javais pas debesouin de ce traitement et que javais mon jugement en moi m\u00eame et que je savais ceque je disais. Allard il me r\u00e9pondu que ses le Docteur Larue qu\u2019il vous a mie sur ce traitement la et que jepeux pas faire qu\u2019elque chose<\/em><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_toggle][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.17.4″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”650px” custom_margin=”||30px||false|false” custom_padding=”15px||||false|false” border_width_bottom=”1px” border_color_bottom=”#c7c7c7″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” custom_css_main_element=”align-self: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.17.4″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”650px” custom_margin=”20px||||false|false” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” custom_css_main_element=”align-self: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_id=”QuestionSociale-COA-1″ _builder_version=”4.17.4″ _module_preset=”default” header_2_font=”Oswald|300|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#323235″ custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The End of a Long Crusade<\/h4>\n

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Louise Leduc, La Presse<\/em>, 3 July 2001, p. A3.<\/p>\n

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Read the report (pdf)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”650px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||10px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” custom_css_main_element=”align-self: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_toggle title=”Excerpt (in French) ” open_toggle_text_color=”#323235″ icon_color=”#494949″ open_icon_color=”#494949″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Roboto Condensed|700|||||||” title_font_size=”16px” body_font=”Roboto Condensed||||||||” body_text_color=”#494949″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Interview\u00e9 chez lui hier au terme de neuf ans de lutte le porte-parole des orphelins de Duplessis, Bruno Roy, ne s\u2019\u00e9tonnait pas que la route ait \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi longue. \u00ab Nous avions \u00e0 nous battre contre trois pouvoirs : le pouvoir politique, le pouvoir religieux et le pouvoir m\u00e9dical. La lutte \u00e9tait vraiment in\u00e9gale. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n

Le dossier s\u2019est enfin clos en fin de semaine quand les orphelins ont accept\u00e9 l\u2019offre de Qu\u00e9bec. Chacun recevra 1000$ par ann\u00e9e d\u2019internement ill\u00e9gal en plus d\u2019un montant forfaitaire de 10 000$. Au total, cela repr\u00e9sentera 25 000$, somme qui ne sera en rien affect\u00e9e par les honoraires d\u2019avocats et de sp\u00e9cialistes en communication. En \u00e9change, les orphelins de Duplessis ont d\u00fb renoncer \u00e0 toute poursuite contre l\u2019\u00c9glise.<\/em><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_toggle][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.17.4″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”650px” custom_margin=”||30px||false|false” custom_padding=”15px||||false|false” border_width_bottom=”1px” border_color_bottom=”#c7c7c7″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” custom_css_main_element=”align-self: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”650px” custom_margin=”20px||||false|false” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” custom_css_main_element=”align-self: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_id=”QuestionSociale-COA-1″ _builder_version=”4.17.4″ _module_preset=”default” header_2_font=”Oswald|300|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#323235″ custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The Last of the Duplessis Orphans Finally Receive Compensation<\/h4>\n

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Louise Leduc, La Presse<\/em>, 21 December 2006, p. A5.<\/p>\n

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Read the report (pdf)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”650px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||10px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” custom_css_main_element=”align-self: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_toggle title=”Transcript (French text) ” open_toggle_text_color=”#323235″ icon_color=”#494949″ open_icon_color=”#494949″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Roboto Condensed|700|||||||” title_font_size=”16px” body_font=”Roboto Condensed||||||||” body_text_color=”#494949″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Les derniers orphelins de Duplessis finalement indemnis\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cinq ans et demi apr\u00e8s tous les autres, un dernier groupe d\u2019orphelins de Duplessis, laiss\u00e9 pour compte jusqu\u2019ici sera indemnis\u00e9 par le gouvernement du Qu\u00e9bec. Une compensation de 15 000$ en moyenne leur serait vers\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Il s\u2019agit ici de ces personnes aujourd\u2019hui dans la soixantaine qui, sous le r\u00e9gime Duplessis, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 h\u00e9berg\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019orphelinat agricole d\u2019Huberdeau, village perch\u00e9 dans les Hautes-Laurentides. Oblig\u00e9s de travailler dans les fermes de la r\u00e9gion alors que l\u2019\u00e9cole, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 obligatoire, ils sont nombreux \u00e0 dire qu\u2019ils ont par ailleurs subi maints s\u00e9vices sexuels entre les murs de cette institution dirig\u00e9e par les Fr\u00e8res de la Mis\u00e9ricorde.<\/p>\n

Au total, entre 250 et 400 orphelins d\u2019Huberdeau seraient toujours vivants.<\/p>\n

En 2001, le gouvernement du Qu\u00e9bec offrait une compensation moyenne de 25 000$ \u00e0 chaque orphelin de Duplessis ayant re\u00e7u, dans son enfance, un faux diagnostic de d\u00e9bilit\u00e9 mentale. \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, ce faux diagnostic \u2013 stratag\u00e8me sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 par le premier ministre Maurice Duplessis au cardinal Paul-\u00c9mile L\u00e9ger \u2013 permettait aux communaut\u00e9s religieuses de toucher de plus grosses subventions par enfant, puisque l\u2019\u00c9tat consid\u00e9rait alors que la prise en charge d\u2019un tel (faux) malade \u00e9tait plus lourde. On n\u2019\u00e9duquait donc plus ces enfants, avec pour r\u00e9sultat que plusieurs sont rest\u00e9s analphab\u00e8tes.<\/p>\n

L\u2019entente de 2001 avait exclu d\u2019embl\u00e9e des centaines d\u2019orphelins \u2013 notamment ceux d\u2019Huberdeau \u2013 parce que le gouvernement consid\u00e9rait que leurs dossiers pr\u00e9cis relevaient du cas par cas et non de s\u00e9vices syst\u00e9miques.<\/p>\n

Pour le leader des Orphelins de Duplessis, Bruno Roy, c\u2019\u00e9tait \u00e0 prendre ou \u00e0 laisser. L\u2019entente a donc \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9e et environ 1 000 orphelins en ont profit\u00e9. Les exclus d\u2019Huberdeau ont toujours cri\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019injustice.<\/p>\n

En novembre 2005, St\u00e9phane Bertrand, directeur du cabinet du premier ministre Charest, confirmait que des n\u00e9gociations \u00e9taient en cours depuis un an et demi pour corriger le tir concernant les orphelins d\u2019Huberdeau. Le dossier progresse bien, disait alors M. Bertrand.<\/p>\n

Hier matin, coup de fil au bureau de la ministre Michelle Courchesne, responsable du dossier. O\u00f9 en est-on donc dans ce dossier ? R\u00e9ponse de Val\u00e9rie Grenier, attach\u00e9e de presse : une annonce sera faite \u00ab en temps et lieu \u00bb. En temps et lieu, avant d\u2019\u00e9ventuelles \u00e9lections ? \u00ab Je ne peux vous dire pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment \u00bb, a r\u00e9pondu Mme Grenier, assurant qu\u2019il n\u2019\u00e9tait pas question de se faire de capital politique sur le dos des orphelins.<\/p>\n

Le \u00ab temps et lieu \u00bb est finalement arriv\u00e9 rapidement. Deux heures plus tard, on nous a indiqu\u00e9 qu\u2019un communiqu\u00e9 serait envoy\u00e9, annon\u00e7ant pour aujourd\u2019hui la tenue d\u2019une conf\u00e9rence de presse \u00ab relative au dossier de r\u00e9conciliation avec les orphelins et les orphelines de Duplessis \u00bb. Jusqu\u2019ici, il a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 question d\u2019une indemnisation d\u2019environ 15 000$ pour chaque orphelin d\u2019Huberdeau, qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 institutionnalis\u00e9s moins longtemps (cinq ans en moyenne) que les autres orphelins de Duplessis. Le montant exact devrait \u00eatre confirm\u00e9 aujourd\u2019hui. L\u2019entente de 2001 avait \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e par des excuses officielles de Lucien Bouchard, au nom du gouvernement du Qu\u00e9bec. L\u2019\u00c9glise de son c\u00f4t\u00e9, s\u2019y est toujours refus\u00e9e, jugeant qu\u2019elle n\u2019avait pas \u00e0 porter de bl\u00e2me dans cette affaire.<\/p>\n

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Residential Schools for Indigenous Children<\/h2>\n

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Residential Schools: \u201cWe Lived Through Something Awful\u201d<\/span><\/h4>\n

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Gabrielle Duchaine, La Presse<\/em>, 16 December 2015, p. A3.<\/p>\n

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Link to the report<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Le gouvernement n\u2019a pas donn\u00e9 le choix aux parents. Le pensionnat, c\u2019\u00e9tait obligatoire. \u00ab Ils sont all\u00e9s chercher des enfants dans les bois. Ils les ont arrach\u00e9s \u00e0 leurs parents. Ils l\u2019ont fait avec ma s\u0153ur \u00bb, se rappelle l\u2019ancienne infirmi\u00e8re. Il y avait 300 enfants \u00e0 Maliotenam, 150 gar\u00e7ons et autant de filles. Lorsqu\u2019ils arrivaient, on leur coupait les cheveux et on leur interdisait de parler leur langue maternelle. \u00c9lisabeth avait 11 ans. \u00ab Ils nous surveillaient tout le temps. Si on ne parlait pas en fran\u00e7ais, c\u2019\u00e9tait les coups de r\u00e8gle. Ou ils nous envoyaient \u00e0 genoux dans un coin. \u00bb Les r\u00e9cidivistes \u00e9taient enferm\u00e9s dans ce qu\u2019elle d\u00e9crit comme une \u00ab pi\u00e8ce noire semblable \u00e0 une cellule \u00bb. \u00ab On vivait dans la peur \u00bb, dit-elle.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/em><\/p>\n

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The Survivors Speak<\/h4>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=”on” make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”650px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” custom_css_main_element=”align-self: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/dejouerfatalite.uqam.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Couverture-Survivants-sexpriment-CVR.png” title_text=”Couverture Survivants s’expriment – CVR” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.17.4″ _module_preset=”default” width=”75%” border_width_all=”3px” border_color_all=”#494949″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_css_main_element=”align-self: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Roboto Condensed||||||||” text_text_color=”#494949″ background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||4px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, The Survivors Speak: A Report of the Truth and Reconciliation<\/em> Commission of Canada (2015).<\/p>\n

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View all the statements (pdf)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”650px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||10px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” custom_css_main_element=”align-self: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_toggle title=”Excerpts” open_toggle_text_color=”#323235″ icon_color=”#494949″ open_icon_color=”#494949″ _builder_version=”4.17.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Roboto Condensed|700|||||||” title_font_size=”16px” body_font=”Roboto Condensed||||||||” body_text_color=”#494949″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Feelings of shame complicated many parental visits. At the Amos, Quebec, school, Carmen Petiquay felt ashamed of her parents also.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cAnd I was ashamed of my parents because I was told Indians smell bad and they don\u2019t talk, and I said to myself, \u2018As long as they don\u2019t come,\u2019 \u2019cause I was ashamed I hoped they wouldn\u2019t come because I, I hoped that they would come sometime. At, at one point my parents came and I was happy. I was pleased to see them, and I hoped that they would leave soon. Because it hurt so much to be taken away from one\u2019s parents like that, and it hurts to say things about one\u2019s parents and to be ashamed of them. I had believed because I was told that Indians smell bad and that they don\u2019t wash. And my mother brought me an orange, and I kept the orange for the long time, I never even ate it, I kept it because it came from my mother. This is something that I now regret having thought that of my parents, that they smelled bad.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/em><\/p>\n

Paul Dixon, who attended schools in Qu\u00e9bec and Ontario, described life at residential school as one of unbearable loneliness.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

You hear children crying at bedtime, you know. But all that time, you know, you know we had to weep silently. You were not allowed to cry, and we were in fear that we, as nobody to hear us, you know. If one child was caught crying, eh, oh, everybody was in trouble. You\u2019d get up, and you\u2019d get up at the real fastest way. Now, they hit you between your legs, or pull you out of bed by the hair, even if it was a top bunk, you know. Homesickness was your constant companion besides hunger, loneliness, and fear.<\/em><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_toggle][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.17.4″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”650px” custom_margin=”||30px||false|false” custom_padding=”15px||||false|false” border_width_bottom=”1px” border_color_bottom=”#c7c7c7″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” custom_css_main_element=”align-self: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”650px” custom_margin=”20px||||false|false” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” custom_css_main_element=”align-self: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_id=”QuestionSociale-COA-1″ _builder_version=”4.17.4″ _module_preset=”default” header_2_font=”Oswald|300|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#323235″ custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

There Are Some Little Children Who Want to Be Found<\/h4>\n

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Louis Blouin, Christine Tremblay et Benoit Roussel, Espaces Autochtones – Radio-Canada<\/em>, 15 December 2021.<\/p>\n

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Link to the report<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”650px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||10px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” custom_css_main_element=”align-self: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_toggle title=”Excerpt (in French)” open_toggle_text_color=”#323235″ icon_color=”#494949″ open_icon_color=”#494949″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Roboto Condensed|700|||||||” title_font_size=”16px” body_font=”Roboto Condensed||||||||” body_text_color=”#494949″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

G\u00e9r\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00c9glise anglicane et le gouvernement du Canada, l\u2019Institut Mohawk est le pensionnat pour Autochtones qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 le plus longtemps en activit\u00e9 au Canada, entre 1831 et 1970. Des enfants de plus d\u2019une vingtaine de nations autochtones de l\u2019Ontario, du Qu\u00e9bec et du Grand Nord y ont \u00e9t\u00e9 amen\u00e9s de force et y ont subi des mauvais traitements. Entre 90 et 200 enfants le fr\u00e9quentaient chaque ann\u00e9e. Le pensionnat \u00e9tait surnomm\u00e9 le Mush Hole<\/span><\/q> ou le trou de la bouillie<\/span><\/q>, en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la mauvaise nourriture qu\u2019on y servait.<\/em><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_toggle][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”650px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” custom_css_main_element=”align-self: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/dejouerfatalite.uqam.ca\/en\/conclusion\/#Residential-Schools-Indigenous-Children” button_text=”Back to Conclusion” button_alignment=”left” module_id=”buttonleft” _builder_version=”4.17.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”18px” button_text_color=”#ee7323″ button_border_width=”0px” button_border_color=”#ee7323″ button_border_radius=”0px” button_icon=”@||divi||400″ button_icon_placement=”left” button_on_hover=”off” custom_margin=”|||50px|false|false” scroll_horizontal_motion=”0|15|15|100|1|0|0″ hover_enabled=”0″ custom_css_main_element=”min-width: 180px;” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” button_text__hover_enabled=”on|hover” button_text__hover=”Back to Conclusion” button_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” button_text_color__hover=”#ee7323″ button_bg_color__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” button_text_size__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” button_text_size__hover=”18px” button_bg_color__hover=”RGBA(0,0,0,0)” button_bg_enable_color__hover=”on” custom_margin__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” custom_margin__hover=”|||40px|false|false” sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.17.4″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”650px” custom_margin=”||30px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||||false|false” border_width_bottom=”3px” border_color_bottom=”#c7c7c7″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” custom_css_main_element=”align-self: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.17.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#FFFFFF” background_color_gradient_direction=”184deg” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||||false|false” bottom_divider_height=”130px” bottom_divider_flip=”horizontal” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”650px” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” custom_css_main_element=”align-self: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_id=”Charity-Social-Law” _builder_version=”4.17.4″ _module_preset=”default” header_2_font=”Oswald|300|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#323235″ custom_padding=”||15px||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

From Charity to Social Law<\/h2>\n

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In 1969, the Social Aid Act came into force in Quebec.<\/h4>\n

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Radio-Canada, <\/em>9 December 2019.<\/p>\n

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Link to the report <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Le 17 avril 1960, l\u2019\u00e9mission Premier plan <\/span>qu\u2019anime Raymond Charrette nous fait voir un reportage extr\u00eamement troublant sur la pauvret\u00e9 au Qu\u00e9bec. <\/em><\/p>\n

Un extrait de ce reportage nous pr\u00e9sente une famille qui compte 11 personnes. La m\u00e8re nous explique comment se passe son quotidien. On comprend par ses confidences qu\u2019elle peine \u00e0 nourrir toute sa maisonn\u00e9e, que les conditions d\u2019habitation sont insatisfaisantes et stressantes et qu\u2019elle n\u2019arrive pas \u00e0 joindre les deux bouts.<\/em><\/p>\n

Le plus surprenant peut-\u00eatre est que son mari travaille. Mais son salaire est loin de suffire pour combler tous les besoins. L\u2019extrait se termine par une br\u00e8ve entrevue avec le p\u00e8re, qui est compl\u00e8tement d\u00e9courag\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Twenty-Five Years Ago, Quebec Women Marched for Bread and Roses<\/span><\/h4>\n

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Radio-Canada, <\/em>3 June 2020.<\/p>\n

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Link to the report <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”650px” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||10px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” custom_css_main_element=”align-self: center;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_toggle title=”Excerpt (in French)” open_toggle_text_color=”#323235″ icon_color=”#494949″ open_icon_color=”#494949″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Roboto Condensed|700|||||||” title_font_size=”16px” body_font=”Roboto Condensed||||||||” body_text_color=”#494949″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

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Au printemps 1995, plus de 800 Qu\u00e9b\u00e9coises marchent pendant dix jours pour lutter contre la pauvret\u00e9 qui les afflige. Retour en archives sur cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement d\u2019envergure qui aura su faire entendre les revendications des femmes et leur aura apport\u00e9 quelques gains.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Du pain et des roses pour changer les choses<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Au Montr\u00e9al ce soir le 26 mai 1995, la journaliste Line Pag\u00e9 assiste au d\u00e9part de la marche des femmes et nous parle de l\u2019organisation de l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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ArchivesA Troubled LegacyGrowing Up in an OrphanageYves Lafleur was born in the early 1940s in Saint-Sauveur-des-Monts, north of Montreal. He had an older brother, and they both grew up partly in the care of child welfare organizations and partly with members of their extended family. When their father was committed to the Saint-Jean-de-Dieu Asylum, their […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":239456,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-239459","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dejouerfatalite.uqam.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/239459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dejouerfatalite.uqam.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dejouerfatalite.uqam.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dejouerfatalite.uqam.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dejouerfatalite.uqam.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=239459"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dejouerfatalite.uqam.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/239459\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":239520,"href":"https:\/\/dejouerfatalite.uqam.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/239459\/revisions\/239520"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dejouerfatalite.uqam.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/239456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dejouerfatalite.uqam.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=239459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}